Map ISO-8859-1 characters to their identical 0–255 byte values, or turn documented byte values back into Unicode text.
Text mode accepts only code points U+0000–U+00FF and writes the same numeric value in decimal and hexadecimal. Byte mode parses decimal or 0x-prefixed hexadecimal tokens between 0 and 255.
ABC
'A' -> 0x41 (65) 'B' -> 0x42 (66) 'C' -> 0x43 (67) Latin-1 bytes (hex): 41 42 43 Latin-1 bytes (dec): 65 66 67
Legacy database exports reveal unrepresentable characters, protocol fixtures decode documented octets, and encoding lessons contrast ISO-8859-1 with Windows-1252.